DECEMBER, 1929

• Fri., Dec. 13 – At Malden, Mass., the body of the Rev. Patrick J. Power was moved from the grave it has occupied in Holy Cross Cemetery for 60 years and transferred to a plot in front of the cemetery chapel, surrounded by a seven-foot wire fence. The former grave was visited by hundreds of thousands of suffers seeking its reputed miraculous help.
• Sat., Dec. 14 – The U.S. Senate, 63 to 14, adopted the $150,000,000 federal income tax reduction resolution already passed by the House. President Curtis signed it on Dec. 16. It applies only to 1929 incomes payable in 1930.
• – The Greek Parliament elected ex-Premier Alexander Zaimis president of the Republic.
• – The Krakatoa Volcano, midway between Sumatra and Java, was reported as being active, with three immense water fountains, 400 eruptions in 24 hours, and large gas bubbles.
• Sun., Dec. 15 – Major Tadeo Larre-Barges of Uruguay and Lieutenant Challes of France left Seville, Spain, in an attempt to fly to Brazil and beyond. They crashed, early on Dec. 17, in a forest on the Brazil coast near Natal. Challes was bruised. Their plane, a Breguet XIX, was demolished. They flew to Rio de Janeiro on Dec. 22.
• – At Rome, thousands of British pilgrims, American tourists and Italians attended the beatification in St. Peter's Basilica of Thomas Hemerfor, priest; John Roberts, Benedictine monk; John Jones, Minor Franciscan friar; Robert Southwell, Jesuit; Phillip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and 131 fellow English martyrs, who were executed during the persecutions of Catholics in the reigns of Henry VIII, Elizabeth and James I, and Oliver Cromwell.
• Mon., Dec. 16 – The Alabama Dem. State Executive Committee, 27 to 21, ruled that J. Thomas Heflin, senior Senator, Judge Hugh Locke, candidate for Governor in the 1930 election, and others who failed to support Alfred E. Smith in the national election [due to his Roman Catholic faith] cannot be candidates in the Democratic primary and cannot have their names placed on the Democratic ticket.

• – The U.S. Senate, 53 to 21, ratified the Mellon-Berenger agreement under which France will settle its World War debt of $4,025,000,000 due the United States through annual payments for 62 years, dating from June 15, 1925. The compact was accepted by France on July 27, was approved by the House on Dec. 12. President Curtis signed it Dec. 18.
• – Gen. Plutarco Elias Calles passed through Laredo, Tex. aboard a special train from New York and crossed the Rio Grande. A detachment of U.S. Marines was aboard the train as it passed through Texas.
• – At Three Rivers, Can., near Quebec, a workingman who had lost his savings in the stock market crash killed his wife and 7 sons in their sleep and cut his own throat.
• – Mont Pelee erupted twice, with loud subterranean rumblings and a rain of ashes over the island of Martinique.
• – The new British airship R-100 made its first flight from Howden, Yorkshire to the Royal Airship Works, Cardington.
• Tue., Dec. 17 – Explosions in the Old Town coal mine, near McAlester, Okla., killed 59 men, including 34 Mexicans and 15 negroes.
• – Somewhere in the North Pacific, apparently in the vicinity of the Aleutian Island chain where volcanoes recently have been stirred to eruption, a heavy earthquake occurred. Seismographs throughout the United States recorded the upheaval, which lasted nearly three hours.
• – The Turkey-Russia neutrality treaty of 1925 was renewed, by signatures, at Angora.
• – The Argentine Government decreed the closing, at Buenos Aires, of the Gold Exchange Office.
• – British Air Squadron Commander A. G. Jones-Williams, and Flight Lieut. N. H. Jenkins, left Cranwell, near London, for South Africa. After crossing into North Africa that evening, in fog, they dashed against a mountain 34 miles south of Tunis. They were killed and the plane was destroyed.
• Wed., Dec. 18 – The out-bound steamship Fort Victoria of the Furness-Bermuda Line sank in Ambrose Channel off Sandy Hook, N. J., after a collision at 4:10 p.m. with the Clyde-Mallory liner Algonquin, also out-bound. The fog was dense. All hands were rescued.
• – At N. Y. City, the U.S. Court sentenced the 66 members of the "Poultry Trust." Many got suspended sentences, other went to the House of Detention.

• Fri., Dec. 20 – Pope Pius XI, at 6:45 a.m., left his temporal domains – and for the first time since 1860 a Pope entered Rome. He was driven across the city to the Church of St. John Lateran's Basilica, where he celebrated mass privately; then he returned to the Vatican, where, on Dec. 21, in St. Peter's he celebrated the "Golden Mass" on the 50th anniversary of his first mass.
• – Falling 300 feet just after it left Bolling Field (Washington, D.C.) for New England, an Army airplane crashed, killing U.S. Representative William Kirk Kaynor, Springfield, Mass.; Stanley B. Lowe, his secretary, Springfield; Arthur A. M'Gill, employee of the Republican National Committee, Boston; Capt. Harry A. Dinger, pilot of the plane, Bolling Field; Private Vladimir Kuzma, mechanic, Bolling Field.
• – At London, resumption of Anglo-Russian diplomatic relations was formally concluded when the Prince of Wales, in behalf of King George, received M. Sokolnikoff, new Soviet Ambassador, at St. James's Palace and accepted his credentials.
• – The U.S. House dropped impeachment charges against Francis A. Winslow who resigned in Mar., 1927 as U.S. District Judge at N.Y. City.
• – Peter Kudzinowsky, slayer of Joseph Storelli, 7, of New York City, was executed at the state prison, Trenton, N. J. He said he had killed other children.
• – The "hook-nose gunman" who is terrorizing women at Cleveland, O., fatally wounded Miss Janet Blood, 16, when she said she had no money.
• Sat., Dec. 21 – The 71st Congress adjourned to Jan. 6, 1930.
• – A jury at Burnsville, N. C., acquitted the 8 deputy sheriffs accused of killing 6 persons in the textile strike riots on Oct. 2, at Marion, N. C.
• – Chinese steamer, Lee Cheong, sank in storm on way from Swabue for Hong Kong; 300 natives, including many women and children, perished.
• Sun., Dec. 22 – The Soviet Union and Mukden Governments, signed a protocol at Khabarovsk, Siberia, restoring the status quo ante of the Chinese Eastern Railway and Soviet Consulates and commercial organizations in Manchuria, and Chinese Consulates and commercial organizations in the Soviet Far East.
• – 87 of the 93 chapters of the Fascist League of North America have voted to disband the organization, as of Dec. 31, 1929; announced by Count Ignazio di Revel, the national chief.
• – A bomb destroyed the dining car of a train, near New Delhi, from which Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India, had just alighted.
• Mon., Dec. 23 – Frederick S. Moody, bond salesman, married Miss Helen Wills, tennis champion, at Berkeley, Calif.
• – At Jefferson, Ind., Charles Bullock, 19, a negro, who helped to place an automobile on the B. & O. tracks in October before President Curtis's special train was due, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year in the Indiana Reformatory.

• Tues., Dec. 24 – Fire destroyed the interior, and contents, of the Executive Offices, close to the White House, at Washington. The valuable papers were saved. The President moved his offices, during reconstruction, to that of Gen. Pershing in the War, State and Navy Building. He was back in the reconstructed executive offices on April 15, 1930.
• – At Buenos Aires, Argentina, President Hipolito Irigoyen escaped injury because the aim of an assassin at his automobile was faulty. Two of the three shots, fired from behind a wall along the roadway, struck members of the Presidential party, and the third went wild. The assassin, Gualberto Marinelli, 44, an anarchist, born in Italy, was shot to death by the escorting troops.
• – At Malden, mass, State troopers and policemen guarded the new grave of the Rev. Patrick J. Power in Holy Cross Cemetery; several hundred men and women were turned away from the new resting place of the priest's body when the cemetery was reopened for Christmas worship for the first time in a month.
• – Dr. Barclay J. Jones, wife, and son, were beaten to death at Knoxville, Tenn., by a negro lad because the white boy had cursed him.
• Wed., Dec. 25 – C.D. Lawson, 43, a farmer near Walnut Cove, N. C. celebrated Christmas by killing his wife and 6 children; and after laying them out for burial went into a patch of woods near his home and killed himself with a shotgun.
• – Poverty-stricken, J. H. Haggard, a tenant farmer near Vernon, Tex., killed his 5 motherless children and himself.
• – At Jackson, Ky., Chester Fugate, accused of slaying Clay Watkins, was taken from jail and lynched.
• – Near Buffalo, N. Y., a U.S. Coast Guard crew fired on an alleged rum-runner craft and wounded in the leg Eugene F. Downey, Jr. Abandoned by his comrades in their escape, he bled to death. The January Grand Jury refused to indict the 3 guards.
• – Charlottesville, Va., reported a sharp earthquake.
• Thu., Dec. 26 – In the Brazil Chamber of Deputies, at Rio de Janeiro, Deputy Gimoes Lopes of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, ex-Minister of Agriculture, shot and fatally wounded Deputy Souza Filho, of the State of Pernambuco.
• – Pascual Ortiz Rubio, President-elect of Mexico, arrived in Washington and became the guest of the nation for the next three days.
• Fri., Dec. 27 – John D. Rockefeller, age 91, danced a jig at his Christmas party, at Ormond Beach, Fla. Gifts were distributed from a big tree.
• – At Chicago, in the headquarters of the Tire Workers, Repairers, and Vulcanizers Union, police in ambush shot to death William Quan, ex-bartender; William Wilson, ex-boxer; and William Ryan, alleged gangster. They were demanding, it was charged, $10,000 from M. J. Powers, business agent of the union.
• – Oklahoma City experienced tremors that caused many people to leave their homes.
• Sat., Dec. 28 – Direct railway communication between El Salvador, on the Pacific Coast of Central America, and Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, on the Gulf of Mexico, was formally opened when Presidents Pio Romero Bosque of El Salvador and Lazaro Chacon of Guatemala met at the village of Anguiatu, close to the frontier and inaugurated the new 80-mile line.
• – Stanford University beat Army, 34 to 13, at Palo Alto, Calif.

• Sun., Dec. 29 – 3 members of the crew of the speedboat C-5677, otherwise known as the Black Duck, a rum-runner, were shot to death and the fourth member wounded when the Coast Guard patrol boat 290 opened fire on them with a machine gun off Dumpling Light, R. I., while the speedboat was preparing to land a cargo of 500 cases of liquor near Newport. A second smuggling craft was set afire by its crew and abandoned. The third was captured intact, though its crew escaped. Liquor valued at more than $500,000 was seized. The Grand Jury at Providence, R. I., heard the evidence in the case of the Black Duck, in Jan. 1930, and refused to indict the coast guards.
• – The 44th All-India Congress opened at Lahore, with cries of "Long live the revolution." On Dec. 31, the convention adopted Mahatma Gandhi's resolution demanding complete independence for India. The gathering ended on Jan. 1, 1930, in a party split, 30 members, headed by Srinivasa Iyengar, forming a new party on the extreme left to carry out the program of the Congress.
• Mon., Dec. 30 – President Doumergue of France signed a pardon for Leon Daudet, who escaped from prison at Paris, in June, 1927, and fled to Brussels.
• – At Amarillo, Tex., five persons were killed when an airplane piloted by Lieut. Robert H. Gray, of the Texas Air Transportation Co., crashed on the golf course of the Hillcrest Country Club.
• Tues., Dec. 31 – At Paisley, Scotland, 72 children died in fire and panic at movie matinee. More than 100 others were sent to hospitals, some in grave condition. Scores were crushed to death near the exit doors, while others died in the auditorium of suffocation before firemen wearing gas masks could force their way in.
• – Mayor Walker, at N. Y. City, signed the local law boosting his salary (from $25,000 to $40,000), and those of other members of the Board of Estimate, and was then sworn in for his second term

JANUARY, 1930

• Wed., Jan. 1 – At the White House, President Curtis shook hands with more than 6,300 New Year's callers.
• – The 2-day Central American Eucharistic Congress, at Leon, Nicaragua, ended.
• – At Seat Pleasant, Md., a Washington suburb, a bomb disguised as a Christmas present killed Mrs. Naomi Hall Brady, 18, and wounded several others, two fatally.
• – The new Polish Cabinet, under Prof. Casimir Bartel, was sworn in at Warsaw.
• Thu., Jan. 2 – Ownership by the United States of the Turtle Islands, a group of 200 off the east coast of British North Borneo, was confirmed in a convention signed by Secretary of State Stimson and Sir Esme Howard, the British Ambassador, which defines the boundary line between the Philippine archipelago and North Borneo. The officials also exchanged notes providing for a continuation of the temporary administration of the islands by the British North Borneo Company.
• – Near Santa Monica, Calif., a mid-air crash of two motion picture airplanes over the Pacific Ocean took the lives of ten persons. The ships were piloted by Ross Cook and Paul Roos, employees of the Tanner Air Lines. One of the passengers was Kenneth Hawks, motion picture director.
• – Bubonic plague has killed 56 Arabs at the City of Tunis.
• – A disease like measles has killed 40 children in a camp at Hammerstein, Germany, occupied by refugees from Russia.
• Fri., Jan. 3 – Fire in the studio of an artist employed in decorating the dome of the U.S. Capitol, at Washington, did some damage by smoke.
• – The Hague Reparation Conference opened its second meeting, adjourned from August, 1929

• – Three men died on the gallows in California, Anthony Brown and Roy E. Stokes at Folsom Prison for participation in the fatal riot there on Thanksgiving Day, 1927; Louis Lazarus, Oakland bank robber, at San Quentin Penitentiary.
• – At Shree, O., 6 members of the Burbank, O. School basketball team were killed and several others hurt when a Pennsylvania passenger train struck their bus.
• Sat., Jan. 4 – The Jugoslav Government has dissolved all private sports organizations and placed the physical education of the youth of the country under state control. This ends the nationalist Sokoll societies which had been built up on the old tribal principle of distinguishing between Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
• Sun., Jan. 5 – At Kijabe, in Kenya, British E. Africa, native attacked and killed Miss Hulda Stumpf, 60, an American missionary.
• – At the Friends' Meeting House in Washington, President Curtis endorsed the proposed memorial for Herbert Hoover, to be built at West Branch, Iowa [burial place of the President-elect, stricken by the Kansas City Flu before he could take office last year].
• – The French war cruiser, Edgar Quinet, was wrecked on the rocks of Cape Blanco, Algeria, in a fog.
• Mon., Jan. 6 – William Howard Taft, Chief Justice of the United States and former President, has been ordered to Garfield Hospital for treatment and then (on Jan. 14) went to Asheville, N. C., for rest and recuperation. He died on March 8, at Washington.
• Tues., Jan. 7 – President Curtis held a breakfast conference at the White House with members of the American delegation to the London Naval Limitation Conference. The delegation, including Secretary of State Stimson, Secretary of the Navy Adams, Ambassador to Mexico D. W. Morrow, and U.S. Senators Reed and Robinson left N. Y. City on Jan. 9, on the steamship George Washington.

• Wed., Jan. 8 – At Rome, Princess Marie Jose of Belgium and Crown Prince Humbert of Italy were married in the Pauline Chapel of the Quirinal Palace by Cardinal Pietro Maffi, Archbishop of Pisa. The couple then drove to the Vatican and received the Pope's blessing.
• Thus., Jan. 9 – Near Woodbine, Ga., Mrs. Neva Finley Paris, 36, of Great Neck, Long Island, was killed when her plane crashed into a marsh.
• Fri., Jan. 10 – President Curtis's Crime Commission issued a statement, saying, "A preliminary examination by the commission demonstrated unquestionably that the criminal law enforcement of the country is entirely inadequate; that Prohibition, automobile theft, white slave traffic, immigration and other criminal laws of the Federal Government have overtaxed the capacity and effectiveness of the national machinery for enforcement."
• – At Cleveland, O., more than 200 leaders in industry celebrated the sixtieth birthday of the founding of the Standard Oil Company by John D. Rockefeller, Sr., and his former associates. Mr. Rockefeller was at Ormond Beach, Fla., but a talking picture of him conveyed a personal greeting to those assembled.
• – Half of China has been experiencing the severest cold in sixty years with the dead numbering in the thousands and with tens of thousands suffering from lack of shelter.
• – The body of a woman, identified as that of Mrs. Edith Adree, 40, was found, wrapped in a raincoat and sewed in a sack, in the rear yard of a dwelling near 15th and Poplar Sts., Philadelphia.
• – Daniel Marra and William Kirkpatrick went up at Farmingdale, Long Island, in an airplane, for altitude tests. Their plane fell in a fog near Lebanon, Conn., and they were killed.
• Sat., Jan. 11 – The "amazing British secret document" which William B. Shearer said he discovered and submitted to the Navy Department, was a satire written by Dr. William J. Maloney of New York, the latter told the Senate Naval Lobby Investigating Committee.
• Sun., Jan. 12 – Compulsory military training, the keystone of Australian defense for twenty years, has been abolished by the new Labor party government. A voluntary militia system is being substituted.
• – The Columbian Congress has approved the boundary and navigation treaty with Brazil.
• Mon., Jan. 13 – President Curtis submitted to both houses of Congress six specific recommendations for immediate legislation to strengthen the Federal facilities for more effective Prohibition enforcement.
• – James Joseph ("Gene") Tunney underwent an operation for a kidney ailment at the Presbyterian Hospital, N. Y. City. He left the place on Jan. 31, cured, it was said.
• – Three men were killed and three others injured, on fatally, when bandits dynamited a pay car of the Glen Alden Coal Co., Truesdale, Pa.
• Tues., Jan. 14 – At Riga, a treaty of arbitration and conciliation between Latvia and the United States was signed.
• Wed., Jan. 15 – Most of Dublin's 400,000 people poured into the streets to welcome Archbishop Pasquale Robinson, an Irish-born prelate, the first Papal Nuncio to Ireland in more than 300 years.
• – At N. Y. City, District Attorney Thomas C. T. Crain, who assumed office on New Year's announced that after investigation of the murder of Arnold Rothstein, the "gambling czar" of the New York rackets, in November, 1928, the authorities do not know who shot Rothstein or where he was shot. The indictment against Hyman Biller was dismissed on Jan. 17.
• – Gen. Jan C. Smuts, ex-Premier of South Africa, dined at the White House. A denial that his tour was being financed from any foreign source was contained in a letter sent to Senator Caraway, by George W. Wickersham of New York.
• – At Lansing, Mich., Gov. Green commuted the sentences of the five persons serving life sentences for violation of the State prohibition law. Mrs. Etta Miller, mother of ten children, is the only woman on the list. The sentences are reduced to "imprisonment for from seven and one-half to fifteen years."
• – Off San Diego, Calif., Lieut. H. Waters, navy flier, attached to the VT-2 Squadron, was killed returning from a flight, when he missed the landing deck of the airplane carried Saratoga, and sank in 235 fathoms of water.
• – Southern California was shaken by a considerable tremblor. In and around Los Angeles the earth rolled and swayed.
• Thu., Jan. 16 – In the U.S. Senate, Blaine, Rep. of Wisconsin, offered a resolution for repeal of the Eighteenth (Prohibition) Amendment. It was referred to a committee.
• – The wife is on an equal footing with the husband regarding property and civil rights, Justice George M. Young ruled in the U.S. Customs Court, upholding the right of Ganna Walska, opera singer, wife of Harold McCormick, of Chicago, to be exempt from customs duties on entering this country. Mme. Walska claimed her legal residence was Paris.
• – Paraguayan soldiers seized, it is charged, a Bolivian outpost at Fort Boqueron in the disputed Chaco Boreal region, and killed one of the defenders.
• Fri., Jan. 17 – The Mexican Consulate at Laredo, Tex., was reopened, following assurances from Governor Dan Moody of Texas and Laredo officials that Mexican citizens would not be unlawfully molested.
• – At Washington, ratifications of the convention between the United States and Mexico to safeguard more effectually the livestock interests of both countries by preventing the introduction of infectious and contagious diseases, signed March 16, 1928, were exchanged.
• Sat., Jan. 18 – F. R. Catterson and Robert K. Moncure, U.S. prohibition agents, were shot to death when they entered, at night, a suspected house at West Palm Beach, Fla. It was said their search warrant was good only in daytime.
• – For the second time in two years the U.S. House drys voted to continue the poisoning of industrial alcohol.
• – The Casino Theatre, N. Y. City, which opened on Oct. 21, 1882 with "The Queen's Lace Handkerchef," closed with "Faust."
• – At Camden, N. J., the jury which tried Miss Gladys May Parks in the killing of two children intrusted to her care returned a verdict of manslaughter in the death of Dorothy Rogers and murder in the second degree for the death of Timothy Rogers. She was sentenced to 25 years in prison at hard labor.

• Sun., Jan. 19 – Fourteen passengers, spectators at the races at Agua Caliente, Mexico, and two pilots, died in the crash and fire which destroyed an air liner.
• – Pilot W. Lindley and 2 of his 4 passengers died in plunge of a seaplane into Lake Worth, in Palm Beach, Fla.
• – The American Ski Association Championship, at Detroit, is won by Tex Rex, score 301.50, jumps 136 and 133 feet.
• – Tomaso Dal Molin, Schnieder Cup racer in 1929, was drowned when his plane dived into Lake Dezenzano, Italy.
• Mon., Jan. 20 – At The Hague, the revised Young plan, consummating more than ten years of reparation negotiations with Germany and the other Central powers, was signed by representatives of fifteen nations and three dominions. The only one not signing being Edwin C. Wilson, observer for the United States. His country, refusing to participate in the projected Bank for International Settlements, reached a separate reparation agreement with Germany two weeks ago.
• – The Prince of Wales arrived at Cape Town by ship from London to resume his hunting trip which was interrupted a year ago by the illness of his father, King George.
• – Announcement was made by Patrick J. Hurley, Secretary of War, that Prohibition is extended to United States military forces throughout the world as a military law.

• Tues., Jan. 21 – King George opened the London Naval Conference, expressing hope that the negotia-tions the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan have begun will advance mankind to international peace. The first business session was held on Jan. 23. The treaty was signed on April 22, by the delegates.
• – The Albanian Government signed the two protocols concerning the adherence of the United States to the World Court and the revision of the Court's statute.
• Wed., Jan. 22 – Nine school children and the driver of a bus were killed near Berea, Ohio, as they rode onto a railroad crossing. – A taxi airplane which had been missing since it left Amiens for Le Havre, carrying four French passengers, was found crushed on the rocks north of Dieppe.
• Thu., Jan. 23 – At Mexico City, Genaro Estrada, Acting Foreign Minister, announced that Mexico had ordered members of her legation in Moscow to leave Soviet Russia. The act resulted from anti-Mexican demonstrations by Communists recently at the Mexican Embassies in Washington, Buenos Aires, Argen-tina, and Rio de Janiero, Brazil, it was explained.
• – Two ponies and eleven race horses were burned to death at the Fair Grounds track stables, New Orleans.
• Fri., Jan. 24 – At London, Clarence Charles Hatry was sentenced to 14 years penal servitude for forging municipal bonds and obtaining money by fraud.
• – President Curtis banned imports of parrots, due to 8 deaths from psittacosis.
• – Italian colonial troops, under the Duke of Apulia, captured to Tripolitanian city of Murzuk, capital of the province of Fezzan.
• – Horses are freezing to death, standing up, on the plains east of Laramie, Wyo., where the temperature is now 40 below zero.
• – Primo Carnera beat B. Peterson in one round in a heavyweight bout in N. Y. City.
• Sat., Jan. 25 – The U.S. Senate adopted an amendment to the tariff bill, as follows: "No courtesy of the port, free entry or special privileges or preferences in the examination of merchandise shall hereafter be extended to any person whomsoever who is subject to the payment of customs duties."

• – Race rioting at Watsonville, Calif., has resulted in the killing of one Filipino and the beating of others who had come to work on ranches. There were beatings also at San Francisco. On Jan. 29 the Filipino Center (Clubhouse) at Stockton, Calif., was bombed.
• – The Bosch Magneto case brought by the Government as a result of the disposal of seized property by the Alien Property Custodian , was ordered dismissed by William D. Mitchell, U.S. Attorney General. In a statement, he absolved former A. Mitchell Palmer, Francis P. Garvan, former Alien Property Custodians, and other former officials named as defendants, of any wrongdoing.
• Sun., Jan. 26 – Earthquakes shook down many buildings on two islands in the Aegean sea – Psara (Ip-sara) and Anti-Psara.
• – The plane of Carl B. Eielson and Earl Borland, missing since Nov. 9, 1929, was found, wrecked, 10 miles inland in Siberia, about 90 miles east of North Cape. The bodies were recovered.
• – At Paris, Gen. Alexander P. Koutiepoff, white Russian military émigré leader, was kidnapped on his way to church.
• Mon., Jan. 27 – At Washington, U.S. Att'y General Mitchell made public a letter in which he said U.S. attorneys and marshals should not drink, and a man "who makes a practice of drinking intoxicating liquors, or who has definite or pronounced views in opposition to prohibition, does not belong to any post having directly to do with the prosecution of cases under the national prohibition act."
• – Five were killed at Kansas City, Kan., in the fall of a passenger plane from Wichita; 2 died in a plane fall at Rochester, N. Y.
• – The French Secret Service disclosed the existence of secret Communist propaganda centres in forty regiments of the Army.
• – The House of Commons ratified the British Government's signature of the optional clause of the statutes of the Permanent Court of International Justice.

• Tues., Jan. 28 – At Madrid, Gen. Miguel Primo de Rivera, 60, for the last 6-1/2 years dictator of Spain, resigned the premiership, and was succeeded by Gen. Damaso Berenguer, 56, who is Count of Xauen and head of the military household of King Alphonso XIII. A provisional cabinet was formed.
• – The German parliament (Reichstag), 240 to 145, granted a monopoly to the Swedish Match Trust, headed by Ivar Kreuger, in return for a loan of $125,000,000.
• Wed., Jan. 29 – The German Ministry of Defense issued a statement that Communist propaganda had found its way into the barracks of the army and was giving not a little trouble in combating it.
• – At Orleans, France, Miss Augustine Agogue, 27, convicted of murdering her mother to gain a farm, was sentenced to walk barefoot to the guillotine wearing only a single garment and a black veil to cover her head, in accordance with the old Napoleonic Code which still governs punishment of those who kill their parents.
• Thu., Jan. 30 – At Mexico City, leading "pulquerias" started selling refrigerated pulque under Health Department orders. Refrigeration kills the fermentation and renders the drink almost non-alcoholic.
• – The frozen body of Peter Trans, Danish deep sea diver, was pulled from the icy waters of Outrades River Falls, Ontario, after rescuers had worked two and a half days to reach the imprisoned man.
• – At Chicago, "racketeers" killed B. J. Mitchell, treasurer of the Checker Taxicab Co., mortally shot John Genero, and blew John Culota's home to pieces.
• – In Sing Sing Prison, Frank Plaia and Michael Sciafoni, Brooklyn gunmen, were put to death in the electric chair for the murder of Sorro Graziano and his wife, Mary, in a bungalow at Franklin Square, Long Island, a year ago.
• – A son was born in Stockholm to the Count and Countess Folke Bernadotte. The mother is the former Miss Estelle Romaine Manville and the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Manville, of Pleasantville, N. Y.
• Fri., Jan. 31 – The 2,000,000,000 merger of the New York Central Railroad became effective at midnight; the Big Four and Michigan Central, the largest subsidiaries of the parent company, were made a part of the main system through long-term leases.
• – The U.S. House Judiciary Committee hear The Star-Spangled Banner sung and played and listed to pleas, "made on behalf of 5,000,000 citizens," that the song be adopted as the national anthem. Two sopranos sang the air to refute the argument that it is pitched too high for popular singing. The Navy Band played the strains.

FEBRUARY, 1930

• Sat., Feb. 1 – At Chicago, 40,000 city employees are working without pay. Landlords are evicting city and county employees because they have not the money to pay their rents.
• – The U.S. Navy cruiser, Augusta, 10,000 tons, 600 ft. long, was launched at Newport News, Va.
• – A mob at Ocilla, Ga., seized from the sheriff a Negro accused of slaying a white girl, took him to the scene of the crime, at Mystic, and burned him to death at a stake.
• Sun., Feb. 2 – The new Spanish Dictator has ended student strikes and riots by agreeing to reinstate university professors turned out by Rivera, by recognizing the Students' Union, and by releasing students arrested in recent strikes.
• Mon., Feb. 3 – At Tokio, the marriage was announced of Prince Takamatsu, younger brother of Emperor Hirohito, and Princess Kikuko Tokugawa, 18, granddaughter of the fourteenth and last of the dynasty, Keiki, who handed back the power to the Imperial House in 1868.
• – At Paris, the Franco-Turkish treaty of friendship, conciliation and arbitration was signed.
• – The Bank of Iceland closed its doors, at Reykjavik.
• – At London, to avoid a flogging, which was part of his sentence for robbery with violence, James Spiers flung himself from a high gallery at Wandsworth jail and received fatal injuries.

• – W. H. Taft, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, resigned, and President Curtis nominated Charles Evans Hughes as successor. Mr. Taft, very ill, returned to Washington from Asheville, N. C., on Feb. 4. After a 4-day debate in the Senate, in which he was assailed as reactionary, Hughes was confirmed, on Feb. 13, by 52 to 26, and was sworn in on Feb. 24. Taft died on Mar. 8.
• – Sammy Mandell defended his lightweight boxing title in Cleveland, in a 12 round fight with J. Goodman.
• Tues., Feb. 4 – William A. Prendergast, Chairman of the N. Y. State Public Service Commission, resigned, as of Feb. 28.
• – 25,000 dress and suit workers struck, at N. Y. City, to eliminate "sweat shops" and to "regulate employment." The settlement comes on Feb. 12. The workers gained most of their demands.
• – Ira E. Robinson, chairman of the Federal Radio Commission, in a message to 1,500,000 school children throughout the country, launched the first educational radio program of the American School of the Air.
• – Over 600 have died of smallpox in the last tow weeks in the State of Morelos, Mex.

• Wed., Feb. 5 – At Mexico City, two hours after Pascual Ortiz Rubio took oath as President of Mexico, a youth among a crowd of spectators fired six shots. One shot struck the President in the left jaw and lodged in his mouth. It was extracted later. The assassin, Daniel Flores, had come from Charcos, in the State of San Luis Potosi.
• – The new 10,000-ton U.S. cruiser, Pensacola, went into commission, at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, cost $11,000,000.
• – The 1930 World Championship Skating contests, at N. Y. City, the women's singles was won by Miss Sonja Hiene of Oslo, Norway; the men's singles by Karl Schafer of Austria; pairs, by Mr. and Mrs. Pierre Brunot of France.
• Thu., Feb. 6 – At Rome, the Italian-Austrian treaty of friendship and conciliation for judicial settlement of disputes was signed.
• – For the theft of seven articles of wearing apparel from Manhattan stores over a period of ten years, Ruth St. Clair, 29, was sentenced to spend the rest of her life in prison. Kicking and screaming, she was the first woman to receive a life sentence as a fourth offender under the Baumes law in N. Y. City.
• – Exploding gas in a coalmine at Standardville, Utah, killed 23.
• Fri., Feb. 7 – Vice-President Mello Vianna of Brazil was wounded three times and 5 persons were killed during a political dispute, at Montes Claros, in the State of Minas Geraes. Martial law was declared.
• – Mrs. Jerome C. Conley, 63, was strangled to death and robbed of jewels in at her home, Belleville, N. J.
• – Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli succeeded Cardinal Pietro Gasparri as Secretary of State to Pope Pius XI.
• Sat., Feb. 8 – The U.S. House passed without a record vote the bill to transfer prohibition enforcement from the Treasury to the Department of Justice.
• – Fire destroyed 5 armories at the Vincennes (Paris) arsenal.
• Sun., Feb. 9 – Chicago police rounded up 917 robbers and gunmen, and 2,000 in all, in a week.
• – President Curtis arrived in Topeka, Kansas, on vacation. Near Sarasota, Fla., Mayor J. J. Walker, of N. Y. City, went out in a boat and fished.
• – At Mexico City, the government's secret police raided the Soviet legation, searched papers, and arrested a servant. Alex. Makar, the dismissed Soviet envoy, was allowed to board a steamer at Vera Cruz, on Feb. 10, bound for France.
• – In Columbia, Dr. Enrique Olaya Herrera, Liberal, was elected President by the people.

• Mon., Feb. 10 – At Chicago, a bootleg liquor ring, described by the government as the largest formed since the advent of prohibition, was uncovered when a Federal Grand Jury indicted 31 corporations and 158 individuals. The indictments cited law violations in New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Los Angeles, and North Bergen, N. J. 27 individuals and 7 firms in New York City are listed. more than 7,000,000 gallons of alcohol was diverted into the speakeasy and the "bottled in bond" traffic during the last seven years, with total business of the conspirators running from $50,000,000 to $60,000,000 [This is the Capone gang. Eventually, most of the indictments are dropped, and no major figures are convicted.].
• – The ashes of the late William H. Langford, actor, were strewn over Broadway, N. Y. City, by the widow, from an airplane 3,000 feet up.
• – Several houses were collapsed in the region of Algarve, Portugal, by an earthquake.
• Tue., Feb. 11 – Fire, followed by explosions in the cargo holds, destroyed the interior of the North German Lloyd steamship, Meunchen (13,483 tons) at her pier, N. Y. City. The vessel sank so close above the Hudson Tubes to Jersey City that they were closed some hours to traffic. One man was killed, eight injured.
• – Joseph F. Bravate was acquitted by a jury in Bronx County Court on a charge of being one of the seven bandits who robbed guests at a dinner given on December 7 for Magistrate Albert H. Vitale.
• – A memorial plaque was unveiled in City Park, Ft. Myers, Fla., on Thomas A. Edison's 83rd birthday. Henry Ford was also present. When asked regarding his health, and how old he actually felt, Mr. Edison replied that he "generally felt fifty years, but lately some microbes have spotted me and done some experimenting with my internal machinery, so I feel about eighty-five."
• – The North American speed skating championship started, at Lake Placid, N. Y., was won, on Feb. 14, by Frank Shea.
• Wed., Feb. 12 – At Washington, the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives opened its public hearings on prohibition.
• – At London, a fine of £20 or two months' imprisonment was imposed upon Frank Biggs, clerk, who placed a "bomb" in the India room of the British Museum in an attempt to manufacture a sensational newspaper story.
• –Fierce fighting between Nicaraguan National Guardsmen and rebels, lead by Gen. Miguel Angel Orthez, was reported at Las Manos, near the Honduras frontier. Many were wounded and killed.
• – The heads of the Church of England followed the example of Pope Pius XI in protesting against the Soviet Russian anti-religious campaign and in setting a day for prayer for the Russian churches. On Feb. 15 several metropolitans of the Orthodox Church in Russia were quoted by the Soviet Government as saying that there was not religious persecution, but simply prosecution for violations of law.
• Thu., Feb. 13 – Former President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge ended their vacation in Florida and arrived at New Orleans, where they tarried over night on their way to California. They were welcomed at Los Angeles on Feb. 17 by crowds.
• Fri., Feb. 14 – Papal denunciation of feminine fashions was made in instructions sent by the Sacred Congregation of the Council to Catholic bishops in all parts of the world to prevent by all means in their power the spread of the tendency toward "immoral" dress.

• Sat., Feb. 15 – At Auburn, N. Y., Claude Udwin, Wil-liam Force and Jesse Thomas, three of the six State Prison convicts on trial for the murder of Henry Sullivan, Buffalo inmate rioter, were found guilty of murder in the first degree by a jury. Frank Leagan, Leo Lewis and Albert Cassidy, the three other defendants, were acquitted.
• – At Madrid, King Alphonso signed a decree dissolving the National Assembly, a consultative body instituted by Primo de Rivera during his dictatorship.
• – At Geneva, Switzerland, notification of the resignation of Charles Evans Hughes from the World Court was received by Sir Eric Drummond, the secretary general.
• – At Duluth, Minn., Emmet J. White, U.S. customs patrol, was acquitted in Federal Court of a charge of murdering Henry Virkula, of Big Falls, Minn., while attempting to stop his car to search it for liquor, south of the Canadian border last June 8.
• – A bomb, at Marion, N. C., wrecked the home of R. W. Baldwin, president of the Marion Manufacturing Co., owner of the cotton mill at which a strike has been in progress.
• Sun., Feb. 16 – At Mexico City, detectives stopped citizens on street cars, in theatres, in saloons and other public places and confiscated the pistols of those who had no permits.
• – Lieut. Walther G. Maser has been killed by an explosion which destroyed his plane as it was being catapulted from the U.S.S. Nevada at Guantanamo, Cuba.
• Mon., Feb. 17 – The French Premier, Andre Tardieu, and his Cabinet, resigned when the Chamber of Deputies, 286 to 281, demanded increase in World War pensions. A Cabinet of the Left, headed by Camille Chautemps was formed, but was voted out 292 to 277, on Feb. 25. It was the 19th Cabinet since Nov. 1917.
• – Alexander P. Moore, 63, recently appointed as U.S. Ambassador to Poland, died at Los Angeles. He had been Ambassador to Spain, and to Peru.
• Tue., Feb. 18 – Explosions followed by flames that enveloped the alcohol experiment building of the Bayway refinery plant of the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, on the outskirts of Elizabeth, brought death to five men and caused injuries to more than 100 others, of whom 6 died.
• – The ship, City of New York, arrived at the Bay of Whales, Antarctica, took aboard Admiral Byrd and his South Polar Party and, on Feb. 19, left for New Zealand.
• Wed., Feb. 19 – At N. Y. City, the Federal Grand Jury filed a presentment charging local narcotics agents with misconduct, incompetence and dereliction, and with having regularly falsified their reports to Washington.
• Thu., Feb. 20 – Prices on the N. Y. Stock Exchange fell more than on any day since Dec. 20: 1,000,000 shares were sold in the last hour.
• – Nuns once more may enter Mexico, on agreement not to devote themselves to convent life.
• – General parliamentary elections in Japan swept the Minseito party of Premier Yuko Hamaguchi to victory with a majority of eighty seats over all other parties. The Minseito total was 273 seats, against 174 for the Seiyukai party, the chief rival. The Proletarians returned five members, and other groups fourteen.
• – The Duke of Westminster (Hugh R. A. Grosvenor) married, at London, Miss Loelia Mary Ponsonby, daughter of Sir Frederick Ponsonby, Treasurer to King George.
• Fri., Feb. 21 – Three months after the sudden death of his son, Lord Westbury, 78, jumped to death from his apartment at St. James's Court, and London again is talking about the "curse of Tutankhamen."
• – At Florence, Ariz., Mrs. Eva Dugan, 52, was beheaded by the noose when hanged for the murder of A. J. Mathis, a rancher at Tucson.
• – At Kingsville, Tex. Mrs. Maud Long was convicted of poisoning her husband, Jim Long, by a jury here and her punishment was fixed at 25 years in the penitentiary.
• Sat., Feb. 22 – President Curtis sat with Governor Garland Pollard of Virginia and reviewed a pageant in honor of the first President in Alexandria. Later, Mr. Curtis went to Mt. Vernon, and stood with head bowed within the flower-banked tomb of George Washington.
• Sun., Feb. 23 – The King of Italy has been operated on for an abdominal ailment.
• – At San Francisco, Fred ("Dummy") Mahan, welter weight boxer from Tombstone, Ariz., plunged to his death in a 5,000 foot parachute jump from an airplane. A deaf mute, he made the jump in an attempt to regain his hearing.
• – A collision at Kenosha, Wis., between an auto and a train from Milwaukee, derailed that train and also a freight train on the next track, and killed 11 persons.
• – A boiler in a water-pumping station at Havana, Cuba, blew up, destroyed the building, and killed 10 men.
• – A revolt on the island of Cebu was averted by arrest of the two ex-convict ringleaders and others by the Philippine Constabulary.
• –J. E. Doles, A. W. Bieber, and John Slaton, died when their plane, eastbound from Los Angeles, fell into a canyon near Lake Arrowhead.
• Mon., Feb. 24 – Calvin Coolidge received by mail, at Los Angeles, a letter saying: "Hon. Mr. C. Coolidge: I would like to warn you that a gunman-murderer from the East arrived in Los Angeles, and he said Mr. Coolidge is going to make trip back East in coffin because he is going to kill him, so for God sake be careful and protect yourself and Mrs. Coolidge because he sure will do it. His brother is in penitentiary for bootlegging. God bless you and protect you, I will pray for you and remain your friend."
• – Charles Evans Hughes of N. Y. was sworn in as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, succeeding W. H. Taft, resigned.

• – Following disturbances in the interior, President H. Vasquez of Dominica took command of the troops and fort at Santo Domingo. The Vice-President, Jose D. Alfonseca, resigned. Revolutionary forces seized Santa Domingo on Feb. 26. Vasquez took refuge in the U.S. Legation. On Feb. 28 Vasquez appointed, as Sec. of the Interior, Gen. Rafael E. Urena, who thus became acting Vice-President, took oath as provisional President, on Mar. 3, Vasquez having resigned on Mar. 2.
• – Aboard the British sloop, Lupin, in the Persian Gulf, a treaty of arbitration and friendship was signed by King Feisal of Iraq and King Ibn Saud of the Wahabi tribes.
• – Illness has caused the withdrawal of Rear Admiral Hilary P. Jones, U. S. N., from the Naval Conference at London.
• – At N. Y. City, announcement was made by J. P. Morgan and Co. that the banking group organized on Oct. 24 last year to assist in stabilizing the stock market had completed last week the liquidation in the open market of the last of its share holdings.
• Tue., Feb. 25 – Anonymous threats to blow up the Senate wing of the U. S. Capitol at Washington have caused police and agents of the Dept. of Justice to keep extra watch. One letter, received by Mr. Copeland, warned him to keep away from the Senate Chamber, that an attempt would be made to destroy it and that subsequently outrages would be attempted in other government quarters.
• – Texas State Controller S. H. Terrell resigned in the midst of a hearing by the House of Representatives, in Austin, on impeachment charges against him, alleging irregularities in office. The resignation brought the hearings to an end.
• – Fire in the Indian School at Cross Lake, Manitoba, killed 10, including the Sister Superior.
• – Shocks rent the earth and many buildings in the Im-perial Valley, in lower California, at Brawley, Westmoreland, and other places. There were, later, severe shocks at Brawley, doing much damage. In some places both hot and cold water spouted from the ground, and in others the roads were filled with water issuing from earth cracks many feet wide.
• Wed., Feb. 26 – At Rome, Cardinal Merry del Val, 64, once the candidate among non-Italian cardinals for the papacy, died following an operation for appendicitis.
• Thu., Feb. 27 – At London, a handful of Liberal M. P.'s saved the American, Japanese and Italian delegations to the London Naval Conference from having to pack up and go home by supporting Ramsay MacDonald's Labor Government in the House of Commons in a crucial division on the Coal Bill. With practically the entire House voting, Labor mustered 280 votes to the Opposition's 271.
• – Ahmed Mirza, Shah of Persia, 1909-1925, died in exile in Paris.
• Fri., Feb. 28 – At the State penitentiary, Columbus, O., Dr. James Howard Snook, university professor, went to his death in the electric chair for the murder of his co-ed companion, Miss Theora Hix.
• – At Rome, a garbage sweeper discovered consecrated wafers on a cart outside the basilica of St. Mark the Greater, flung there by thieves who had stolen sacred vessels of gold, studded with gems, and then cast away the wafers contained in them as they escaped with their booty. Pope Pius XI ordered expiatory functions performed in all the churches of Rome.
• – Chicago city employees began to get their pay for the first time in many weeks. They are aided by a citizens committee which is selling tax warrants.
• – At Defiance, O., Henry Floehr, 69, shot his wife to death, and, before ending his life (as police and National Guardsmen attacked his home with dynamite and machine guns) he mortally wounded 2 and injured a third member of the besieging posse.

MARCH, 1930

• Sat., Mar. 1 – Concentration camps for thousands of peasants fleeing from Soviet Russia have been established by the Polish Government.
• – The Imperial Valley, in southern California, was visited by another earthquake. In some areas, mud geysers and hot springs appeared. The tremors continued into the following day.
• – Prof. Robert H. Goddard, of Clark University, under grant from the Guggenheims, established a field at Roswell, N. M., to carry forward his efforts to send his rockets out into space.
• Sun., Mar. 2 – Congress elections in Argentina gave the adherents of President Irigoyen 100 out of the 158 members; 10 men were killed in riots.
• – An entire Polish wedding party of 30, including bride and groom, was drowned in Lake Narogzna when the ice broke under their sleighs.
• Mon., Mar. 3 – Presidential elections in Brazil resulted in the choice of Julio Prestes (Republican Conservative, and Gov. of Sao Paulo) over Getulio Vargas (Liberal, and Gov. of Rio Grande do Sul). The vote was 1,093,027 to 666,152.
• – The conviction of Mrs. Mary Ware Dennett in a Federal court in Brooklyn on a charge of having violated the law prohibiting the sending of obscene matter through the mails was reversed by the Circuit Court of Appeals.
• Tues., Mar. 4 – The Coolidge Dam, near Globe, Ariz., was dedicated by the former President, for whom it was named.
• – The inclination of "flaming youth" to resent all surveillance over them and the tendency of an unbridled press to condone irreverence toward God, nature and human dignity were deplored buy Pope Pius XI as "two great plagues afflicting modern humanity," in instructions to 200 of Rome's Lenten preachers.
• Wed., Mar. 5 – Floods and rains in the valley of the River Tarn in Southern France killed over 400, and destroyed 4,000 homes, and also other structures, mostly at Montauban and at Moissac; the vineyards and other crops were ruined; property and crop loss, $40,000,000.
• – At Auburn, N. Y. State Prison, Edward L. Beckwith, principal keeper, was stabbed and killed by a long-term prisoner in the mess hall, where 900 inmates were having their mid-day meal. The assassin, An-thony Mortelito, who was convicted for second de-gree murder in Westchester County and is serving a sentence of 20 years to life, was found guilty of the slaying, on Mar. 28.
• – Mrs. Pearl Demaret, stenographer to U.S. Secretary of State Stimson, at the Naval Parley, London, was killed in falling from a hotel window.
• – John ("Dingbat") Oberta was killed in gang warfare at Chicago – the 54th victim this year.

• Thu., Mar. 6 – Communistic demonstrations on "unemployment day" were held in New York, Chicago, London, Paris, Berlin and in every other large city, but police on this side of the Atlantic and troops and police in Europe prevented very serious combats; tear gas was used on the mob at the White House grounds; 3 rioters were killed in Germany.
• – At New York City, William Z. Foster, Robert Minor, and three other Communist leaders were arrested. They were found guilty on April 11, in Special Sessions, of unlawful assembly, and on April 21, Foster, Minor, Israel Amter and Harry Raymond were sentenced to the penitentiary for from 1 day to 3 years.
• – At Charlotte, N. C., the five Gastonia men accused of the death of Ella May Wiggins, Bessemer City union member, were acquitted by a jury.
• – The Appellate Court, at Cleveland, O., overruled a contempt of court conviction of Louis B. Seltzer, editor, and Carlton K. Matson, editorial writer of the Cleveland Press.
• – Italian native troops in South Tripoli killed the rebel chief Sefennasser and his son, and captured the rest of the family and their caravan.
• – At Buffalo, N. Y., Mrs. Clothilde Marchand, wife of Henri Marchand, artist of the Museum of Natural Sciences, was killed, by an Indian woman, in her home. Mrs. Marchand was fifty and an artist.
• Fri., Mar. 7 – The Isthmus of Panama sustained its worst earthquake since 1914. The walls of the Canal Zone Administration Building were cracked.
• – Hjalmar Schacht, at Berlin, announced his retirement as Reichsbank President. He was succeeded, Mar. 11, by Hans Luther.
• – At Lansing, Mich., conviction of Etta Mae Miller, grandmother, who was the only woman sentenced to life imprisonment in the State when such sentences could be imposed for prohibition law violations, was reversed by the Michigan Supreme Court. Governor Green had commuted Mrs. Miller's sentence to seven and a half years. She has already served fifteen months in the Detroit house of correction.
• – The U.S. War Department approved plans for a highway bridge across San Francisco Bay from Oakland, Calif., 17,769 feet long.

• Sat., Mar. 8 – At Washington, D. C., William Howard Taft, age 72 (born Sept. 15, 1857) died at 5:15 p.m. Mrs. Taft was at his bedside when the end came. The twenty-seventh President of the United States and the tenth Chief Justice – the only man to hold both offices – succumbed to a sudden stroke resulting from arteriosclerosis. Associate Justice Edward Terry Sanford, 64, who since 1923 had sat with Mr. Taft on the Supreme Court bench, was fatally stricken at his home this morning and died five hours before Mr. Taft. The latter's body lay in state under the dome of the Capitol on Mar. 11, thence was taken to All Souls' Unitarian Church were services were held; the burial, with full military honors, was at Arlington National Cemetery, Va., in the new section. Mr. Taft left his property to his wife and children, except $10,000 to the Yale Class of 1878; $7,500 to the Taft School at Watertown, Conn., and several small personal and charitable gifts. The estate amounted to about $475,000.
• – The Amateur Athletic Union basketball finals began in Kansas City; 41 teams entered. On Mar. 15, the Wichita Henrys were the victors.
• Sun., Mar. 9 – Dr. Frederick A. Cook, 65, polar explorer, was released on parole from the U.S. prison at Leavenworth, Kan., where he served nearly 5 years of a sentence of 14 yrs., 9 mos., on conviction of using the mails to defraud in oil promotion. He accepted an offer to become the permanent physical director of the Boys' Brotherhood Republic and to direct the organization's summer camp at Burlington, Wis.
• – Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd and his South Pole expedition reached Dunedin, New Zealand, on the way home.
• – At Mexico City, President Pascual Ortiz Rubio took up the functions of his office from his new headquarters in Chapultepec Castle. Government officials passed a busy weekend moving the Presidential offices and household from the National Palace, four miles away at the opposite end of the Paseo la Reforma.
• Mon., Mar. 10 – Hundreds of persons in Tennessee and Oklahoma are suffering from swollen feet and paralysis of the legs, attributed to alcohol poisoning. The complaint has appeared in Georgia and in Mississippi. Adulterated Jamaica ginger is blamed, also a mixture of ginger and creosote or crude carbolic acid, used in the southwest as a sheep-dip for vermin.
• – 104 persons were killed and more than 100 injured in a fire which broke out at a motion picture show at the Chinkai naval base in Southern Korea. Most of the victims were Japanese naval men and their wives and children.
• – Eighteen paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck and others, valued at $750,000, were cut from their frames and stolen at Carlton House Galleries, London.

• Tues., Mar. 11 – At Ahmadabad, India, Mahatma Gandhi led his pioneer band of 79 volunteers out of his quarters and started his march to the Gulf of Cambay, opening his campaign of civil disobedience to the Government. Smallpox broke out in his camp soon after his followers got going.
• Wed., Mar. 12 – At Berlin, the Young plan and other measures connected with it as well as the German-American agreement, by which Germany's reparations payments to the United States are regulated, received final approval in the Reichstag. The Young plan measure itself had the third and final reading. The vote was 265 to 192. The German-American agreement itself was approved by a rising vote. The Polish liquidation was approved, 236 to 217. President Paul von Hindenburg signed on Mar. 13.
• – At M'Alester, Okla., Charles R. Fray, murderer of two women, cheated the electric chair by hanging himself with a blanket at the State Penitentiary. He was under sentence to die March 28. Fray killed his wife, Lucille, and his former wife, Laura and on the same day seriously wounded the town marshal of Jenks, Okla.
• – Col. W. G. Barker, Canada's World War aviator ace, who had brought down 52 German planes, died in a crash of his new aircraft, at Ottawa.

• Thu., Mar. 13 – The discovery of a trans-Neptunian planet, the ninth in the solar system, was announced by Dr. V. M. Slipher, Director of the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Ariz. Dr. Slipher headed a group of astronomers whose gropings in the milky way with telescopes and cameras located the new sphere. The find was made by Clyde W. Tombaugh, of the observatory staff, who was carrying out the systematically arranged search program with the new Lawrence Lowell photographic telescope made especially for this purpose, with a thirteen-inch lens of 665 inches focal length. The observatory expected to have more facts about the planet, and a name, for its Observation Circular in May.
• – At N. Y. City, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court ordered Magistrate Albert H. Vitale removed from office for accepting a $19,940 loan from the late Arnold Rothstein, "common gambler" and racketeer.
• – Charles Evans, a "trusty" convict serving a double life sentence at the State Prison, Trenton, N. J., for murdering 2 Jersey City policemen, tried to escape, after 11 years of confinement. He killed one guard, wounded 2 others, and then shot himself to death in a cell.
• – In the District of Columbia Supreme Court trial was begun of Edward L. Doheny, 73, owner of the Pan-American Company, charged with giving a bribe to Albert B. Fall, while Fall was Secretary of the Interior, for the award of the Elk Hills oil leases. The defendant and his wife testified, on Mar. 17, that the $100,000 was a loan – without security or interest. The jury acquitted him, on Mar. 22, on the first ballot [Just one part of the famous Teapot Dome scandal of the Harding ad-ministration.].
• Fri., Mar. 14 – The Polish Cabinet, under Bartel, re-signed; a new one was formed, Mar. 29, by Col. Wallery Slawek.
• – Lieut. C. M. Winslow, Jr., U. S. N., was wounded when Chinese pirates attacked 5 American and 2 native steamships in the narrow rapids of the Yangtse River, 1,000 miles from the sea. Bandits have killed 2,000 villagers at Fuan, and infest the upper reaches of the river.
• – Footprints of a flesh-eating quadruped (dinosaur) that slipped in the mud 100,000 years ago were found in a clay pit at Woodbridge, N. J.
• Sat., Mar. 15 – The U.S. frigate, Constitution ("Old Ironsides"), originally launched in 1797, was re-launched at Boston, having been reconditioned by popular subscription.
• – At Mare Island, Calif., the Nautilus, the Navy's largest submarine, was launched. A 'cruiser' submarine of 2,750 tons displacement, she mounts two 6-in guns and six torpedo tubes; she can make 17 knots on the surface or 8 submerged. Her sister-ship, the Narwhal, was launched later this year.
• – Fire at Hadley Field, N. J., wrecked the Eastern terminal of the transcontinental air mail airway; 14 planes were destroyed, one of the principal hangars at the field was burned and the air mail post office station was consumed.
• Mon., Mar. 16 – Gen. Primo Rivera, 60, Spanish Dictator from Sep. 1923 to Jan. 28, last, when he resigned, died of diabetes at Paris. He was buried with national honors at Madrid.
• – Alphonse ("Scarface Al") Capone of Chicago was secretly transferred from the Eastern Penitentiary, in Philadelphia, to the new State Prison farm, 35 miles away, in Montgomery County, and was paroled from there on Mar. 17, after serving 10 months of a year's sentence for carrying a pistol. He turned up at Chicago on Mar. 21. The police warned him to keep away. Later he was warned away from Florida.
• Tue., Mar. 17 – At Washington, George W. Wicker-sham, chairman of President Curtis's law-enforcement commission, before the Senate Judiciary Committee, rejected 2.75% beer as a panacea for prohibition discontent, and told the committee that his own commission was not yet able to determine the predominant sentiment of the country on the prohibition laws.
• Wed., Mar. 18 – The U.S. Senate voted to take censor-ship of books, etc., from the tariff officials and lodge it with Federal district courts and juries.
• Thu., Mar. 19 – At Washington, the Senate Lobby Committee investigating Muscle Shoals activities examined items of the broker's account maintained in New York by Claudius H. Huston, chairman of the Republican National Committee.
• – The Red Cross Chapter House of white marble, adjoining the headquarters building of the American Red Cross, erected at Washington to commemorate the "sacrifices and services of American women in the World War," was accepted at services by Presi-dent Curtis on behalf of the nation.
• – Over 90 died in a moving picture theatre fire at Kirin, Manchuria.
• – Back at N. Y. City from his fourth expedition to the Antarctic, Capt. Sir Hubert Wilkins announced that he was "through with flying" in the Arctic or the Antarctic.
• – The Earl of Balfour, almost 82, died at his brother's home, near Woking, England.
• – To the House Judiciary Committee, at Washington, Horace D. Taft, head of the Taft School for Boys at Watertown, Conn., and brother of the late Chief Jus-tice William Howard Taft, declared that his brother became reconciled to prohibition after its adoption and believed satisfactory results would be achieved in time under the law. Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy in the Wilson cabinet, declared prohibition was such an important reform that efforts to enforce it should be continued a hundred years if necessary.
• Fri., Mar. 20 – Bandits in the Mexican Sierras kidnapped J. E. Barstow, an American. Later he was ransomed.
• – A party of German tourists was buried under an avalanche when skiing in the Jamtal valley of the Tyrol. A Stuttgart architect named Heinrich and three women were swept over a precipice and killed, while two were rescued severely injured after having lain beneath the snow for six hours.

• – The Fabre liner Alesia sailed from N. Y. City for the Holy Land carrying the seventh annual Catholic pilgrimage on board, and flying the flag of the Crusades, carried from Europe by the first Crusaders in the twelfth century under Godfrey of Bouillon; white, with five red crosses, one large one in the centre and a smaller cross in each corner. The ship was the first to leave a port in the United States flying this flag, and so far as is known was the first to leave any port flying this flag since the days of the Crusaders.
• – Mellie Dunham, aged fiddler at Henry Ford's dances, saved his fiddles when his home burned, at Norway, Me.
• Sun., Mar. 22 – Fire destroyed, on the Bowery Bay, East River water front at N. Y. City, the Riker mansion, built in 1654 by Abraham Rycken. It was unoccupied.
• – Fire on the North River water front of Hoboken, N. J., destroyed two piers of the Lamport & Holt Line, 40,000 square feet of bulkhead, and parts for 400 autos; loss over $1,500,000.
• Mon., Mar. 23 – Four bandits, including Walter Krajewski, slayer of policeman C. L. Wunderlich, were shot to death by patrolmen at Buffalo, N. Y.
• – The Ministry of Education at Nanking has ordered the University of Nanking and Shanghai College, both of which are Christian missionary institutions, to discontinue their theological departments and cease requiring their students to study religion.
• Tue., Mar. 24 – The U.S. Senate passed, 53 to 31, its tariff bill under consideration since Sep. 12, 1929. The House's tariff was passed by that body, 264 to 147, on May 28, 1929. The two bills were sent to a joint conference committee of the two bodies to be ironed out.
• – At Vienna, Austria, Dr. Ernest Watal, chemist and inventor, of Cleveland, O., who disappeared near Pottstown, Pa., Nov. 7, 1929, was found dead in his hotel room. A woman, Josepha Kropej, also of Cleveland, was discovered dead with him. The woman's name was an assumed one.

• Wed., Mar. 25 – The North German Lloyd steamship, Europa, arrived at N. Y. City on her maiden voyage. She went from Cherbourg light to Ambrose light in 4 days, 17 hours, 6 minutes – a record; 18 minutes better than the record to date of her sister ship, Bremen, and 36 minutes faster than the Bremen's maiden voyage from Cherbourg to New York.
• – At Ottawa, the Liquor Export Bill, which grants the government authority to refuse clearances to liquor shipments destined for the United States, was passed by the Canadian House of Commons, 173 to 11.
• Thu., Mar. 26 – A 48-hour blizzard left 19 inches of soggy snow at Chicago, closed schools, and paralyzed traffic; 6 died.
• – Explosion killed 12 in mine, Arnettsville, W. Va.
• – At Washington, E. C. Drury, ex-Prime Minister of Ontario, told the House Judiciary Committee that bootlegging, drinking in the home, liquor consumption and crime had increased in the Dominion under government liquor control.
• – Wearing his full dress admiral's uniform of blue and gold, King George sat on the throne at Buckingham Palace, London, and held his first levee since the start of his illness in 1928.
• – In the House of Commons, London, report was made that 100,000 are idle in the Lancashire cotton towns. One of the contributing reasons for the distress was that other nations are adopting automatic machinery more rapidly than Great Britain.
• – Feng Yuhsiang's Kuominchun army has occupied Chenchow, at the junction of the Peking, Hankow & Lunghai Railway. Government forces there are offering no resistance.

• Sat., Mar. 28 – At Dublin, William T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, announced the resignation of his Government as a result of its defeat by two votes on an opposition Pensions Bill in the Dail Eireann last night. The Dail then adjourned and on April 2, by 80 to 65, re-elected Cosgrave president.
• – At Calais, France, 10,000 marched in protest against the proposed increase in the American tariff on French lace, which, it was said, will ruin the Calais lace industry and throw 25,000 persons out of employment. The city closed its shops, offices and factories.
• Sun., Mar. 29 – At Albany, N. Y., the Governor changed to life imprisonment the death sentence of Fred W. Edel, who was to have been executed during the week of April 22 for the murder of Mrs. Emmaline Harrington, an actress, of New York and Bing-hampton.
• – Explosions killed 16 in a mine at Kettle Island, Ky.
• – The State of Victoria, Australia, voted 552,286 to 419,005 to stay wet; 95% of the electorate voted.
• Mon., Mar. 30 – 7 died in collision, in Columbia River, Oreg., of excursion steamer, Swan, and freighter, Davenport.
• Tue., Mar. 31 – Economic fear and the hostility of the Arabs towards the Jews was the cause of last summer's riots in Palestine, in the opinion of Sir Walter Shaw's Commission of Inquiry, whose report was issued in London. The Commission contends that the Balfour declaration in 1917 and the mandate in 1919 kindled sparks of Arab distrust which culminated in the explosions of 1929. Moslem hatred ran amuck, in the commission's opinion, owing to fear of wholesale Jewish immigration and land purchases – with resulting fears that the Arabs might become landless paupers under Jewish political domination.
• – Speed and distance records of telegraphic communication were shattered when a message of greeting sent from New York and relayed through 22 bureaus of The Associated Press and Reuter's News Agency twice circled the globe in two hours and five minutes.

APRIL, 1930

• Wed., April 1 – The seaplane Pilot, which took of from Flushing Bay, N. Y. City, at 9:37 a.m., for Bermuda, alighted shortly before 6 p.m. sixty miles short of its destination. Aboard were Captain Lewis A. Yancey, navigator, W. H. Alexander, pilot, and Zeb Bouck, radio operator. They made a hop the next day and landed at Hamilton, Bermuda.
• – After dwelling 25 years at Northampton, Mass., in a 2-family house, Calvin Coolidge has bought The Beeches, a 16-room mansion, there, on a 9-acre estate overlooking the Connecticut River. They are due to move in May.
• – Frau Cosimo Wagner, 92, widow of the composer, and daughter of Franz Liszt, musician, died at her villa, Bayreuth, Germany.
• – J. O. Stricklin, 57, recently elected mayor of Yazoo City, Miss., shot and fatally wounded F. R. Birdsall, newspaper editor, then killed himself.
• – The Massachusetts House of Representatives, 123 to 110, refused an initiative petition for repeal of the State prohibition enforcement act. The Senate did likewise, on April 2, by 26 to 11.
• Thu., April 2 – At Washington, President Curtis started the 1930 census as "a great stock-taking of American progress" by filing the White House schedule with J. Sterling Moran, census supervisor for the District of Columbia.
• – The Empress Zeoditu (Judith) of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) died at Addis Ababa, of shock on learning her ex-husband, Gougas Wall, had been killed in battle with her cousin, King Ras Tafari, who rules jointly with her. Any icy bath of holy water gave her the shock. She had diabetes.
• Fri., April 3 – The jury trying Mae West, at N. Y. City, for producing the play "Pleasure Man," failed to agree.

NOVEMBER, 1930

• Sun., Nov. 9 – Roy W. Ammel, Chicago broker and pilot, took off from Floyd Bennett Airport, New York's new municipal field, and flew without a stop to France Field, Canal Zone, 3,198 miles in 24 h. 34 min. He landed at 2:44 p.m.
• Mon., Nov. 10 – One student was killed, several hurt, in contact with the police, at Santiago, Cuba. In view of the recent clashes between students and civilians on the one hand and police and troops – incidents took place in Pinar del Rio City, Havana and Santiago de Cuba – six military supervisors with powers to quash any further disorder were appointed, one for each province, by President Machado, on Nov. 11.
• Tue., Nov. 11 – At Washington, President Curtis in his Armistice Day speech revived both the idea of a consultative pact or agreement to mobilize world opinion against an aggressor under the Kellogg anti-war treaty and his proposal to immunize food ships in wartime by placing them under neutral convoy and management.
• Wed., Nov. 12 – Gen. Eric von Ludendorff issued a statement at Berlin expressing his belief that the next war, beginning May 1, 1932, will find Germany, Austria, Hungary, England and Soviet Russia opposed to France, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Rumania.
• Thu., Nov. 13 – Three days of rioting in the streets of Havana and other Cuban cities, during which three persons, including two women, have been killed, an American student mortally wounded by a police bullet and hundreds injured in clashes between the police and anti-government demonstrators, culminated in the suspension of constitutional guarantees by President Gerardo Machado.
• Fri., Nov. 14 – An attempt to assassinate Yuko Hamaguchi, premier of Japan, was made by a young member of a reactionary patriotic society, who fired a bullet into the elderly statesman's abdomen in the same Tokio railroad station in which Premier Hara was killed nine years ago.
• Mon., Nov. 17 – Many banks, with resources totaling approximately $90,000,000, suspended business in Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri and Iowa.
• Tue., Nov. 18 – The members of the American Bar Association have voted, 13779 to 6,340, for repeal of the 18th Amendment.
• Fri., Nov. 21 – Depositor's run on banks closed 6 in southern Indiana, 3 in Tennessee, and 1 in Kentucky. Other small banks closed later, also in Missouri and South Carolina.
• Sat., Nov. 22 – Spanish-language newspapers of Cuba have stopped publication for the last ten days rather than submit to a censorship imposed by the Cuban government when it recently suspended constitutional rights as a result of disturbances in Havana.
• Sun., Nov. 23 – Tremendous storms sweep across Europe, bringing high winds and floods.
• Mon., Nov. 24 – The Supreme Court found most of Hollywood's studios guilty of violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
• Tue., Nov. 25 – President Curtis announced from the White House, ""Every single state has ample laws that cover such criminality {rackets and organized crime}. What is needed is the enforcement of those laws, and not more laws. Any suggestion of increasing the federal criminal laws in general is a reflection on the sovereignty and the stamina of state governments."
• Sat., Nov. 29 – Margot, step-daughter of Prof. Albert Einstein, was married to Dr. Dimitri Marianoff, Russian scientist and writer, at Princeton.
• Sun., Nov. 30 – The Dornier Do-X seaplane is visiting Lisbon, Portugal, in preparation for its first flight to America.

DECEMBER, 1930

• Mon., Dec. 1 – The regular 'short' or second session of the Seventy-first Congress began at Washington. Communists staged a demonstration in front of the Capitol. Tear gas, nightsticks, and bare fists broke up the demonstration after an encounter which lasted twenty minutes, sending seven Communists to station houses under arrest and a number of others to hospitals with broken noses and lacerated scalps.
• Tue., Dec. 2 – President Curtis's program to promote business recovery and relieve unemployment was laid before Congress. It called for $100,000,000 to $150,000,000 additional to accelerate "the greatest program of waterway, harbor, flood control, public building, highway, and airport improvement in all our history."
• Wed., Dec. 3 – At Havana a policeman was killed and another wounded as students, protesting the reopen-ing of the National University by Presidential decree, clashed with police during a downtown demonstra-tion.
• Thu., Dec. 4 – William Nelson, 22, who escaped Nov. 19 from the N.Y. State Hospital for the Criminal In-sane, at Matteawan, returned there with two armed accomplices, broke in, imprisoned two guards, and drove away with six inmates.
• Fri., Dec. 5 – In Belgium's Meuse valley, between Liege and Huyann, a mysterious dense fog killed 75 persons and many cattle. Authorities believe the fog was contaminated by gases released by a factory.
• Sun., Dec. 7 – Death sentences were passed at Moscow on several prominent civil engineers found guilty of conspiracy to overthrow the government.
• Mon., Dec. 8 – Nicholas "Cheeks" Luciano was shot 23 times and killed by unknown enemies in a speak-easy in Elizabeth Street, New York City.
• Tue., Dec. 10 – French troops that have occupied the Saar coal region of Germany begin departing the area held since the close of the World War. The Saar mines were awarded to France for a period of fifteen years, dependent upon German compliance with the Treaty of Versailles. – The Nobel Prizes for Physics (Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, of Calcutta) and Chemistry (Prof. Hans Fischer, of Munich) are presented in Stock-holm.
• Wed., Dec. 11 – At New York City, the Bank of the United States, with sixty-two offices in the city, nearly 400,000 depositors, and deposits two weeks ago of $202,972,000, was closed by the state superintendent of banks while thousands of depositors waited at the various branches to continue runs that had been gather force for several days. It is the largest banking suspension in the history of the state, and the first failure of a New York City bank since the present business depression began.
• Thu., Dec. 12 – Democratic Senator Lee S. Overman dies in Washington, D.C. at the age of 76. He had served as a Senator from North Carolina since 1903.
• Mon., Dec. 15 – Foreign debt payments of $122,989,449, all in cash, were made to the United States Treasury.
• – Radio messages from the Miskatonic University expedition to Antarctica report that several members have climbed to the summit of Mount Nansen.
• Wed., Dec. 17 – Republican Senator Frank Greene of Vermont dies in St. Albans at the age of 61.
• Fri., Dec. 19 – Alexis Rykov is relieved by General Secretary Stalin from the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, and replaced with Vlacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov.
• Sat., Dec. 20 – Congress approved $116,000,000 to be allocated by the President for emergency construction work, and $150,000,000 to use of the Federal Farm Board in aiding agricultural interests.
• Fri., Dec. 27 – John D. Rockefeller, age 92, danced a jig at his Christmas party, at his home 'Casements' at Ormond Beach, Fla. Gifts were distributed from under a big tree.
• Sun., Dec. 28 – Congressman-elect Clay Morrison leaves Carson City for Washington D.C..

JANUARY, 1931

• Thu., Jan. 1 – President Curtis shook hands with 6,429 at the White House New Year's reception. Premier Mussolini, at Rome, broadcasted to the United States by radio, a greeting.

• Fri., Jan 2 – The Government of the Republic of Panama, headed by President Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, was overthrown. Following an uprising at 2 a.m. in which 10 persons were killed and 24, including an American newspaper correspondent, Hartwell Ayers, were wounded, the revolutionary junta announced the formation of a provisional government headed by Harmodio Arias in association with Francisco Arias Paredes and Dr. J. J. Vallarino. Later in the day Don Ricardo J. Alfara, Minister to the U.S. from Panama, accepted the Presidency of his republic, tendered by the Panama Supreme Court. Ayers died.
• – Congressman-elect Clay Morrison arrives in Washington, D.C.
• Sat., Jan 3 – At England, Ark., 500 farmers stormed the business section, demanding food and threatening to take it forcibly from merchants before a hurried call to the Red Cross produced authorization of food distribution. More than 250 were provided with food.
• – The Edinburgh-London Express left the rails on a curve near Carlisle, killing three and injuring eight of its passengers.
• – A typhoon storm in the Philippine Straits of Cebu and Ilollo destroyed 30 fishing boats, 6 power boats and 80 persons; loss $500,000.
• – Clay Morrison takes a suite of rooms at the Hay-Adams Hotel (at 1 Lafayette Square). Arranges for a floor safe to be delivered, and for a checking account and safe deposit box at the American Express Bank & Trust [which becomes part of Chase Manhattan this year].
• Sun., Jan 4 – Full Moon
• – Saya San, Burma's rebel chief, "King Golden Crow," was killed in an attack by the Burma Rifles on his jungle palace.
• – In Bolivia, Dr. Daniel Salamanca received a majority for the Presidency and José Tejada Sorzano won the Vice Presidency over Bautista Saavedra.
• – At Lima, Peru, five were killed in a clash which marked the end of an international football match between a team from Uruguay and one from the Peruvian Department of Arequipa.
• – Among the 12 skiing victims of an avalanche of snow, near Briancon, France, were Theodore Webaux, cotton manufacturer of Roubaix, and Henri Bousquet, a member of the French Council of State.
• Mon., Jan 5 – Justice Jennings Bailey in the District of Columbia Supreme Court ordered a modification of the 1920 consent decree which will permit packers to extend their wholesale operations to unrelated lines and to use their distribution facilities in handling new products. The court, however, refused to grant the right to engage in the retail sale of meats and other articles.
• – The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, at N.Y. City, sustained the validity of the Eighteenth Amendment and the prohibition law. The decision, unanimously arrived at, held that the U.S. Supreme Court had already pronounced the ratification legal. The opinion, written by Judge Manton, upholds the conviction of Louis E. Thibault of Windsor, Vt., for possessing and selling two pints of whiskey and his sentence to a year and a day in the Federal Reformatory in Ohio.
• – In Palestine, elections to the Jewish Assembly gave Labor 32 seats; Revisionists, 14; Oriental Jews, 15; rest, scattering.
• – Congressman-elect Clay Morrison takes a year lease on an sixth-floor suite in the Evening Star Building ( at 1101 Pennsylvania Avenue NW; built 1895; downstairs are the offices and plant of the Evening Star newspaper, defunct 1981).
• Tue., Jan 6 – Epiphany, or Twelfth Night.
• – Control of the International Mercantile Marine Co. passed to the Roosevelt Steamship Co.
• – With three units completed at a cost of $17,000,000, the new $70,000,000 Pennsylvania Railroad terminal development on the Jersey City waterfront, known as the 'rail-to-keel terminal,' was formally opened.
• – At N.Y. City, Henry M. R. Goodman became the second city magistrate to resign since the beginning of the Appellate Division inquiry, "for the sole reason of ill health."
• – At Monroe, La., Unalaska, Admiral Byrd's lead sledge dog in his Antarctic expedition, killed by an automobile on Jan. 3, was buried in the presence of 4,000 school children, city officials and leaders of the American Legion and the Boy Scouts. Before the ceremonies Unalaska lay in state.
• – The Miskatonic University antarctic expedition has reported that two of its aircraft flew over the South Pole today, with fourteen persons aboard.
• – Ten Italian Government seaplanes, commanded by Gen. Italo Balbo, the Air Minister, arrived at Natal, Brazil, from Balama, Africa, which place they left the day before.
• Wed., Jan 7 – Incendiaries are destroying sugar cane fields and mills in Cuba. The fires continued into the grinding season.
• – Placing the number of totally unemployed persons in the U.S. at 4,000,000 to 5,000,000, Col. Arthur Woods, chairman of the President's Emergency Committee for Employment, testified before the U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee.

• Thu., Jan 8 – Pope Pius XI in the first encyclical on marriage issued from St. Peter's Chair since Pope Leo XIII dealt with the same subject, half a century ago, inveighs against birth control, companionate and other forms of "trial" marriage as "hateful abominations" and denounces divorce as always being contrary to the laws of God and nature.
• – The National Sanctions Court of Peru fined Augusto B. Leguia, deposed President of Peru, and his three sons, 25,000,000 soles (approximately $7,625,000) as reimbursement for alleged improper transactions during the eleven years of the Leguia regime.
• – At N.Y. City, illegal commitment of 77 girls to Bedford Reformatory as wayward minors was shown before Samuel Seabury, referee in the Appellate Division inquiry, to be a part of the record of seven magistrates who have sat in Women's Court since 1926, and six of whom are still on the bench.
• Fri., Jan 9 – The U.S. Senate, 44 to 37, asked President Curtis to hand back its confirmation of G. O. Smith, Chairman, and Marcel Garsaud and C. L. Draper, as members of the Federal Power Commission. Mr. Curtis refused, saying they had been lawfully confirmed. The Senate, 36 to 23, then voted to restore the names to the calendar for reconsideration.
• – The President of Cuba closed publication of El Mundo and 4 other newspapers and 4 magazines. On March 27 the Cuban Supreme Court ruled this action unconstitutional, as against free speech guarantees.
• – Figures compiled at Hankow, China, in a detailed investigation by the War Zone Committee of the recent massacres by Communists in Kiangsi Province, were made known. The report said that 100,000 innocent inhabitants were slain within six weeks, about 124,000 houses were burned and $150,000,000 (gold) in property destroyed.

• Sat., Jan 10 – A serious condition of affairs in Liberia was disclosed in the report, made public simultaneously by the State Department and the League of Nations in Geneva, of the international commission of inquiry into the existence of slavery and forced labor in the "Black Republic."
• – Mrs. Beryl Hart and William S. MacLaren left Hamilton, Bermuda, bound for the Azores Islands by airplane; never heard from.
• – Near Huigra, Ecuador, a mountain landslide buried 170 railway laborers and 30 other persons in the Cieanchin River valley.
• – After being towed 850 miles from the point where it was forced down on the sea, the plane of Captain Ugo Baistrocchi of the Italian transatlantic air fleet was sunk off Natal, Brazil, in a collision during a rainstorm with the scout cruiser Pessagno which was towing it.
• Sun., Jan 11 – In the Philippines the town of Tayug was recaptured by the constabulary, who stormed a convent in which a band of rebels had barricaded themselves. Eleven persons were killed in the fighting, two of them being women rebels. The town was taken on Jan. 10 by a band who killed several residents and burned the constabulary barracks, the post office and ten other buildings while sacking the town.
• – As a protest against a reduction in wages, 34,000 textile workers in Sweden have gone on strike. The only disturbance was at Boraas, where strikers and police clashed. No one was injured.
• – In Bolivia the reformed Constitution was adopted in all of its points. The referendum on the new constitution gave 36,999 votes for it and 6,790 votes against. The provision for separation of church and state was adopted without a dissenting vote.
• – Dr. Cuno Hofer, a Viennese writer, was found shot to death with five bullets in his body in his room at the Carlton Hotel in St. Moritz. Mrs. Simone Boulter, an English woman, widow of Capt. Reginald Boulter, was shot through the chest and was lying by the side of Dr. Hofer.
• – The Rev. William T. Reynolds, former pastor of an Episcopal Church in Washington, and plaintiff in a $100,000 slander suit against a woman member of his parish in 1928, ended his life.
• Mon., Jan 12 – Frank H. Warder, 60, former State Supervisor of Banks, began a term of from five to ten years in Sing Sing after surrendering to the state Supreme Court, at N.Y. City, on his conviction of accepting a $10,000 bribe from the late Francesco M. Ferrari not to set examiners to work on the books of the now defunct City Trust Co., of which Ferrari was the president.

• – At Maryville, Mo., a mob chained and burned to death Raymond Gunn, Negro, on the roof of the school house in which he confessed he had assaulted and killed Velma Colter, 19, school teacher on Dec. 16. The schoolroom furniture was piled about the building. Gunn was forced to mount a ladder to the roof and creep to the ridgepole. Shingles were removed to permit him to be fastened by chains to the rafters. Roof, doors and furniture were drenched with gasoline and a moment later a burst of flame reached the Negro. The victim waved at the mob once before the flame reached him. He was dead within about ten minutes. The crowd on foot and in automobiles around the scene of the lynching extended a mile along the roads in four directions.
• – The execution of four Indians convicted of the murder of policemen during the Sholapur riots last year provoked disorders in Poona and Bombay.
• – At Santiago, Chile, Dr. Cora Mayer was shot and killed at the Public Health Nurses' School by Dr. Alfredo de Maria, Professor of Medicine at the University of Chile. The assailant then killed himself.
• – A snow gale which killed hundreds in North China caused 30 deaths in North Japan, unroofing 1,000 houses, and upsetting a railway train.
• Tues., Jan 13 – At Lahore, India, a Sikh ex-soldier attacked and fatally slashed the wife of Capt. A. G. C. Curtis of the British army with a sword and then cut down here two children. Captured in the hills he made confession of disaffection to the Indian army.
• – In Hungary, Maria Kardos, the first of the peasant women to pay the penalty for the mass poisoning of husbands and other male relatives in the Theiss Valley last year was hanged at the prison at Szolno. She was the first woman hanged in Hungary in eighty years.
• – John J. "Bum" Rodgers, notorious New York criminal, serving a life sentence at Clinton Prison, Dannemora, hanged himself while in solitary con-finement.
• Wed., Jan 14 – An earthquake shook Mexico City and killed over 100 at and near the city of Oaxaca which was partly destroyed. Of the victims, 71 were in a church at Zimatlan. Two small towns were obliterated.
• Thu., Jan 15 – President Curtis signed the Stobbs Act, softening the penalties of the Jones Act, which heretofore classed the most minor infraction of the dry laws as a felony. Cases involving less than a gallon of liquor are now petty offenses. In other cases the severe penalties of the Jones Act may not be imposed unless an offender has been convicted of a dry law violation within the two proceeding years.
• – The French Chamber of Deputies, 270 to 258, voted that two Communist Deputies, Andre Marty and Jean Duclos, be freed from prison. They were elected in 1928. They were sentenced in 1927 for "inciting to military disobedience" in the Communist press, and Marty has served nearly four years on Devil's Island. Duclos has been in hiding.
• Fri., Jan 16 – Influenza is epidemic in Europe.
• – Dr. Ricardo J. Alfaro was inaugurated President of Panama.
• – The Prince of Wales and his brother, Prince George, flew from London to Paris on their way to South America. They motored from Paris to Santander, Spain, where they expect to board a ship.
• – Magistrate George W. Simpson of N.Y. City resigned his post by telegraph from Asbury Park, N.J.
• – At N.Y. City a verdict of not guilty was returned in General Sessions at the trial of Larry Fay, head of the El Fay Taxicab Co., and sixty other individuals of the N.Y. Milk Chain Assoc., Inc., on a misdemeanor indictment charging they violated the Donnelly state business law in 1928 and 1929 by obtaining a monopoly of the wholesale milk trade.
• – Governor Fred D. Balzar of Nevada signs bills legalizing gambling throughout that state, reducing the residency requirement for divorce to six weeks, and removing the requirement of "charges" from divorce proceedings.
• Sat., Jan 17 – An unknown person has slain 15 Alaskan fishermen, one by one, in lonely places over the last few months.
• – Mills in the Lancashire (England) cotton weaving district locked out 300,000 employees. The trouble was ended on Feb. 13 on the old scale and hours.
• – The U.S. Senate passed the Robinson amendment to the Interior Department bill, appropriating $25,000,000 to be expended for food by the Red Cross. Reconsideration was refused; the amendment was repassed by 56 to 27 on Jan. 19, and, on Jan. 21, was included as a "rider" on the Interior Department Supply Bill, and passed without a record vote. On Jan. 28, Chairman John Barton Payne of the Red Cross told a committee of the Senate his organization would refuse to handle such a fund inasmuch as it could cope with the situation with the $10,000,000 of voluntary contributions it is seeking to raise.
• – For the second time a N.Y. City jury disagreed in the trials of George F. Ewald, charged with buying a magistracy. The indictments were dismissed on Jan. 22.
• Sun., Jan 18 – New Moon
• – Water flowing over the American side of Niagara Falls tore away 1,000,000 cubic feet of rock at the brink, and sent it crashing down to the base of the falls. The break began on Jan. 17. The table rock section on the Canadian side fell away in 1850. There were other breaks in July, 1818; and in Dec. 1928.
• Mon., Jan 19 – George Wickersham, chairman of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, appointed by the President a year and a half ago, made report on "the enforcement of the prohibition laws of the United States."
• – Jack Wools, on trial at De Witt, Ark., for the murder of Cicero Spence was shot to death in the courtroom by Spence's daughter.
• – The U.S. Attorney General issued an order permitting wire taping by all bureaus in specific cases but only on permission of heads of bureaus.
• Tue., Jan 20 – Pres. Curtis submitted the Wickersham Report to Congress. The President, in a message accompanying the report, said he does not favor repeal of the 18th Amendment, or its revision as suggested by a majority of the Commission. [The Wickersham Report was widely summarized and satirized as:

  "Prohibition is an awful flop.
     We like it.
  It can't stop what it's meant to stop.
     We like it.
  It's left a trail of graft and slime,
  It's filled our land with vice and crime,
  It don't prohibit worth a dime,
     Nevertheless we're for it."

  President Curtis' stand on Prohibition is presumed to be the same as Hoover's; also Curtis had a 'dry' reputation from the 1880s.]
• – The World Court met in public in the Peace Palace at The Hague. Frank B. Kellog was not present.
• – Three explosions killed three and injured twelve in railway stations at widely separated places in Buenos Aires and did widespread damage.
• – A bomb crippled the aqueduct supplying Havana, Cuba, with water.
• Wed., Jan 21 – Europe will keep the peace, its Premiers and Foreign Ministers assembled in the commission of inquiry into the proposed European Union unanimously pledged, at Geneva, in a manifesto aimed at ending the talk of a coming war and re-establishing confidence and thus promoting both economic and political recovery.
• – In San Salvador, the presidential election was won by Arturo Araujo.
• – Fire destroyed the Polish National Alliance College, at Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania.

• Thu., Jan 22 – In France the cabinet headed by Theodore Steeg resigned when the Chamber of Deputies voted against it, 293 to 283, after an interpellation by Louis Buyat, a member of the Social and Radical Left party, condemning the government's precipitancy in making public its intention of pegging wheat at 175 francs a quintal (equivalent to $1.93 a bushel). A new cabinet was formed on Jan. 27 by Pierre Laval.
• – Faith healing won the approval of the lower house of the Canterbury Convocation of the Church of England when the house asked that a commission be named to evolve a temporary special service for "unction and the imposition of the hands."
• – Four aircraft of the Miskatonic University antarctic expedition landed within sight of a large new mountain range in Antarctica today. The peaks of the range have not been surveyed yet, but may prove to be the tallest in the world.

  ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION TRAGEDY

• Fri., Jan 23 – After making amazing fossil discoveries at a camp far from the Antarctic coast, a dozen men of the Miskatonic University expedition lose their lives in a terrible storm, which destroys their camp. A rescue plane from the main body of the expedition reached the camp on Jan. 25, but was able only to confirm their deaths. William Dyer, leader of the expedition, flew with one other person through a pass in the newly-discovered mountain range on Jan. 26, and described a wide plateau at an elevation of 20,000 feet. The rescue party returned to the coast by Jan. 28th.
• – The Council of the League of Nations announced, at Geneva, that the proposed world disarmament conference will be-gin on Feb. 2, 1932.
• Sat., Jan 24 – Fire partly destroyed, at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, the former Presidential yacht, Mayflower, which was being refitted for use as a gunboat.
• Sun., Jan 25 – At New Delhi, India, Mahatma Gandhi has been ordered released unconditionally from jail with all members of the All-India Congress working committee. Gandhi left the jail, at Yerovda, the next day and traveled to Bombay.
• – W. P. Cluett, of Lunenberg, N.S., captain of the Josephine K, a Canadian schooner, was killed, three vessels were captured and 1,500 cases of Scotch whisky valued at $100,000 were confiscated by U.S. Coast Guard Cutter 145 after a chase off Ambrose Lightship at the entrance to New York Harbor.
• Mon., Jan 26 – Edward I. Edwards, 67, former U.S. Senator and Governor of New Jersey, was found dead in bed in his apartment, Jersey City, with a bullet wound through his head and a revolver near his right hand.
• – At Buenaventura, Columbia, fire of incendiary origin in a small store in the center of the business district spread and destroyed buildings over an area of almost a square mile. The damage is estimated at $5,000,000.
• Tue., Jan 27 – Capt. Einar-Paal Lundborg, who in 1928 rescued Gen. Umberto Nobile by plane in the Arctic, was killed in the fall of his machine, near Stockholm.
• – The British Court of Appeals, at London, declared Sunday movies and theatricals unlawful under the Lord's Day Act of 1781.

• – Premier Mussolini, in a cablegram to the Italian Embassy at Washington, denied charges of having run over and killed a child while motoring recklessly with an American in Italy. These charges were made in an address at Philadelphia on Jan. 19 by Major Gen. Smedley D. Butler of the Marine Corps. Following a protest by Italian Ambassador de Martino against the General's reported remarks, Secretary Adams asked for an explanation from General Butler, who commands the marine base at Quantico, Va. The U.S. State Department, on Jan. 29, apologized to Mussolini. Gen. Butler was cited for court martial, but he apologized to Secretary Adams, was reprimanded, and the court martial was not held.
• – In Italy 5 army officers and 16 soldiers were killed under avalanches in the alps above Bardonecchia, during winter manoeuvres.
• Wed., Jan 28 – The Prince of Wales and his brother, Prince George, landed at Hamilton, Bermuda, from the steamship Oropessa, golfed, and left for Havana, where they arrived Feb. 1, but did not go ashore due to the unrest on that island.
• – 31 were killed by an explosion in a coal mine near Linton, Ind.
• – The mutiny on Jan. 4 aboard the British submarine mothership Lucia had a sequel in the House of Commons when A. V. Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty, announced in effect that the officers, not the men of the ship, were to blame.
• – Earthquakes in Albania destroyed 6 lives and 750 houses at Koritza.
• – Capt. Guenther Reueschow, noted German airman, and his mechanic, were killed when their plane fell 2,000 feet, on a mapping tour, in the southern Andes, near Lake Argentina.

• Thu., Jan 29 – At London, Winston Churchill sent a letter to Stanley Baldwin proffering his resignation as a member of the Conservative leader's "shadow cabinet." Baldwin accepted, because of their difference of opinion on the Indian question.
• – Lynchers took Charles Bannon, 22, white man, from the jail at Schafer, N. Dak., and hanged him from a bridge. He had confessed to slaying A. E. Haven, wife and 4 children, on whose farm he worked.
• – An explosion nearly two miles out under the sea in the Haig coal mine at Whitehaven, Cumber-land, England, killed 27 men.
• Fri., Jan 30 – At N.Y. City, Magistrate Louis B. Brodsky was exonerated by a four-to-one vote of the five justices of the Appellate Division and the removal proceeding brought against him by Samuel Seabury as referee of that court's investigation into the inferior courts was dismissed.
• Sat., Jan 31 – An enormous German Dornier Do-X flying boat went from Lisbon, Portugal to Las Palmas, Canary Islands.
• – At Grafton, N. Dak., 9 persons were fatally poisoned by peas eaten at a farm party.
• – Charles Sirico and Charles Clark, who escaped on Christmas Eve from the Westchester Penitentiary at Eastview, N.Y. City, were shot to death by police at Broadway and 42nd St., N.Y. City.

FEBRUARY, 1931

• Sun., Feb 1 –
• Mon., Feb 2 – Full Moon.
• – The Miskatonic University antarctic expedition departs from Antarctica, and expect to reach Boston by Apr. 1.